what type of receptor is estrogen receptor
HR-negative cancers are more common in women who have not yet gone through menopause. Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), also known as NR3A1 (nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group A, member 1), is one of two main types of estrogen receptor, a nuclear receptor that is activated by the sex hormone estrogen.In humans, ERα is encoded by the gene ESR1 (EStrogen Receptor 1). Hormone receptor-negative breast cancers do not have estrogen or progesterone receptors. These types of cancers will not benefit from hormone therapy drugs and typically grow faster than HR-positive cancers. Endocrinology 140 : 5566–5578, 1999 . The most potent and dominant estrogen in humans is 17β-estradiol, but lower levels of the estrogens estrone and estriol are also present. There are two different forms of the estrogen receptor, usually referred to as α and β, each encoded by a separate gene (ESR1 and ESR2, respectively).Hormone-activated estrogen receptors form dimers, and, since the two forms are coexpressed in many cell types, the receptors may form ERα (αα) or ERβ (ββ) homodimers or ERαβ (αβ) heterodimers. In contrast, estradiol and estrone will increase breast cell growth (cancer) because of their higher affinity for the alpha estrogen receptors … The estrogen receptor beta-isoform (ERbeta) of the human estrogen receptor modulates ERalpha transcriptional activity and is a key regulator of the cellular response to estrogens and antiestrogens. Estrogen-receptor complexes then bind to sequences of DNA that are also present in the nucleus and are known as estrogen response elements. Compared with other types of breast cancer, hormone-receptor-positive ones, also called HR-positive, tend to: Grow more slowly; Respond better to hormone therapy; Have a better outlook (prognosis) Once bound to DNA, the estrogen-receptor complexes activate nearby gene sequences, which begin transcribing mRNA, a type of molecule that provides a genetic blueprint for protein synthesis. The estrogen receptor (ER) is a nuclear hormone receptor of pharmaceutical interest as a target for the treatment of osteoporosis, breast cancer, and other endocrine female disorders. The estrogen receptor protein is found in the target tissue like the breast, uterus, pituitary gland, and hypothalamus. Estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR; also called PgR) may be found in breast cancer cells. By attaching to hormone receptors, estrogen and/or progesterone contribute to the growth and function of breast cells. The estrogen receptor is a specific cellular protein with high affinity and specificity for Estrogen hormone. This means they have few or no estrogen receptors. ER-positive breast cancers can be treated with hormone therapies such as tamoxifen , aromatase inhibitors and ovarian suppression . It is important to remember that the ER-beta receptor regulates the ER-alpha receptor. Proteomics. One type of receptor found in normal breast cells is the hormone receptor. Cancer cells with these receptors depend on estrogen and related hormones, such as progesterone, to grow. Estrogen receptors are the most common type of hormone receptor on breast cells. Estrogen stimulates the cells through the Estrogen receptor. Estrogen receptor-negative (ER-negative) tumors do not express estrogen receptors. This means they have few or no estrogen receptors. Estrogen Receptor. For this reason, ER-positive breast cancer is more common than other types of breast cancer. The biological effects of estrogens are mediated through estrogen receptor (ER) α and β, which are members of a large superfamily of nuclear receptors. Thus, estriol’s affinity for ER-beta will counter any ER-alpha signaling.