Fig. Q.28. Q.9. Define the term deviation in context with the frequency modulation. Q.48. Why phase discriminator is practically preferred? Q.39. This gap enlargement with the electric field may offer a practical route to enhance the relative stability of these edges. Decrease capacitance, increase frequency. Why? Q.87. Q.58. This forms serious limitation of FM. Q.30. Draw the phase angle Bode plot for the following transfer function. A unique fruitful problem solving platform in a global optimizing area has been implemented via particle swarm optimization. Q.89. Solving the optimization problem for a single switching. If Expert Answer . The amplitude of sidebands depend on the J coefficients and the J coefficients in turn depend on the modulation index mf. No change in δ and mf . Ans. Q.98. Q.15. 5) Write the first four terms of Bessel series. Then initialize the chromosome values randomly. Show transcribed image text. Q.19. (a) Determine the modulation index. State true or false: For highly stable carrier generators, LC oscillators are preferred over crystal oscillators. 4) (4pts) Let be an angle in standard position. This means that the instantaneous frequency of FM signal varies according to the modulating signal. This can be achieved by increasing the frequency deviation if fm is constant. The the optimal angle calculation, the PSO method recommended in [20] has been used. In AM the modulation index is the ratio of amplitudes. What are the demerits of a balanced slope detector? Ans. Ans. The maximum allowed deviation of FM sound signal in TV is 50 kHz. modulation index using GA for 11 2.2 Initialize population Set a population size, N, i.e. M Switching angles modulation and swapping D 1 2 s D D M V dc V L V dc V dc_ref V L_ref Fig. Ans. This type of FM system is known as wideband FM. When a variable frequency constant amplitude signal is applied to a tank circuit, we get an output voltage which changes with change in input frequency. But, two slope detectors are connected back to back and output voltage is the difference between individual outputs. Ans. Q.73. The set of equations is then solved using numerical for 4L-4W converters. Why is the linearity of the phase discriminator better? Q.43. What is the use of a limiter circuit? FM transmitting and receiving equipment particularly used for modulation and demodulation tend to be more complex and hence more costly. Q.83. It is basically a clipping circuit which clips off the undesired amplitude variations (due to noise) in the received FM signal. Frequency modulation transmitters are more efficient because………. Q.51. Q.35. Q.69. Recent evidence suggests that human M1 contains directionally tuned neurons, but it is unclear which other areas are part of the network coding movement direction and what characterizes the responses of neuronal populations in those areas. Ans. An angle modulated signal is given by u(t) = 100 cos(2110Ⓡt + 3 cos 500nt + 4 sin 2000nt). If, during that period, the technical parameters of the satellite (for example, transmit power, antenna characteristics, coverage areas, foot prints, elevation angles, modulation characteristics, etc.) Where is it used? problem, where each chromosome is developed based on single dimensional arrays with a length of S, where S is the number of angles. The expressions for FM and PM are almost identical. Tank circuit is tuned at slightly higher frequency than the unmodulated carrier. Q.22. A much wider channel typically 200 kHz is required in FM as against only 10 kHz in AM broadcast. It is the process of artificially boosting the amplitudes of high frequency components in the modulating signal. The study of question 1, we select a modulation fre- geometries of these background media are identical, quency for use in studying the other three problems. Expert Answer . With modulation and 90° injection angle, the case of f = 800 Hz and A m = 0.25 mm is examined. Goes below the unmodulated carrier frequency. The equation for instantaneous frequency fiin FM modulation is fi=fc+kfm(t) Where, fcis the carrier frequency ktis the frequency sensitivity m(t)is the message signal We know the relationship between angular frequency ωi and angle θi(t)as ωi=dθi(t)dt ⇒2πfi=dθi(t)dt ⇒θi(t)=2π∫fidt Substitute, fivalue in the above equation. There are two types of angle modulation as under: Ans. In amplitude modulation, the amplitude of the carrier varies. The instantaneous frequency of FM signal varies with time around the carrier frequency ωc. Q.81. Q.49. Q.62. But in frequency modulation the instantaneous angular frequency i varies linearly with the modulating signal m(t), ( ) ( ( )) ( ) tt t k m d t k m d C f C f Then FM and PM are very much related to each other. Q.88. This will improve the noise immunity of FM wave at higher modulating frequency. In PM, the carrier frequency deviation is not proportional to…………. What is the tuning range and IF for an FM receiver? What is the operating principle of a FM receiver? At the positive and negative peaks of modulating signal. Amplitude Modulation Solved Page 4/25 Q.86. Previous question Next question Transcribed Image Text from this Question. Due to easy alignment and better linearity. Thus 100% modulation corresponds to 75 kHz for the commercial FM broadcast band and 25 kHz for television. With increase in mf, the number of sidebands having significant amplitude will also increases. In FM, the percent modulation is defined as…………….. Ans. This can be achieved by using FM for sound transmission. Ans. Amplitude Modulation Solved Problems is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. The nonlinear equation set representing the inverter output voltage for the specific values of the modulation index is solved off line using Newton-Raphson method. For example, the phase lag of both emissions is smaller at 18 than at 33 MHz.